OGG is a container, not a codec (and why that matters)
A common confusion: "OGG audio quality" does not really exist as a single thing. OGG is a container, like MP4 or WebM. The quality depends on what codec is packed inside. Three codecs account for almost every OGG file in the wild: Vorbis (the original lossy audio codec, late 1990s), Opus (the modern voice-and-music codec, 2012), and FLAC (lossless, sometimes shipped inside OGG instead of bare).
That is why your friend can send you a "voice message OGG file" from Telegram and it is dramatically smaller than the OGG audio sample you download from Wikipedia: Telegram is using Opus at 32 kbps, Wikipedia is using Vorbis at 128 kbps or FLAC inside OGG. Same container, different codec, very different file sizes.
The Xiph.org and open-source story
OGG and its codecs were created by Xiph.Org Foundation as an explicit open-source alternative to the patent-encumbered MP3 and AAC formats that dominated the early 2000s. The original promise: high-quality audio nobody owes royalties on. Vorbis shipped in 2000 and quickly became the de-facto choice for free-software desktops, games, and projects allergic to MPEG patents.
By 2012 the world had moved on. Patents on MP3 expired, AAC became universal in mobile, and Xiph released Opus as a new general-purpose codec, this time co-designed with the IETF specifically for low-latency voice. Opus replaced Vorbis in most new applications. Today, almost any new OGG file you encounter contains Opus, not Vorbis.
Why Telegram chose .oga and Opus
Telegram needed a voice codec that was small enough to send quickly on slow networks, clear enough to be useful for spoken words, and free of patent claims they would have to license. Opus inside OGG was the obvious pick. The .oga extension (Ogg Audio) is the official IANA-registered file extension for OGG files containing only audio (vs .ogv for video or .ogg historically for either). In practice, most players treat .oga and .ogg as the same thing for audio-only files.
FLAC inside OGG: an unusual but real combination
FLAC is normally shipped as bare .flac. But the FLAC specification also defines a way to pack the same lossless audio inside an OGG container (file extension .oga or .ogg). Some archival workflows prefer this because OGG containers are seekable in a slightly different way that some legacy archival tools handle better. Mictoo decodes FLAC inside OGG the same way as bare FLAC, no extra step needed.